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金色观察｜将推出zkEVM 深入了解Polygon Hermez 2.0
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近日Polygon官方宣布，将于7月21日推出zkEVM，为开发者和用户提供“EVM等效”解决方案、高效能zkp和与以太坊主网级别的安全性。
a41 Ventures研究员100y.eth发推深入解释了Polygon Hermez。 1、Polygon现在正在构建ZKVerse，包括： Hermez：具有去中心化运算符的zkEVM；Polygon Miden：基于STARK的zkR；Polygon Zero：最快递归证明生成zkR；Polygon Nightfall ：允许隐私的ORU。 
2、什么是Rollup？Rollups是Eth扩容解决方案，可以在链下执行交易，并在链上（以太坊）发布“状态根”和“Tx数据”。  3、状态根，是一种信息，包括所有网络参与者的余额。那么，如果恶意操作者（L2区块生产者）向以太坊网络发布无效状态根怎么办？我的资金是SAFU还是SIFU？
4、欺诈和有效性证明。不必担心，因为资金是安全的，这要归功于欺诈和有效性证明！ORU（Optimsitic rollup）使用欺诈证明，zkR（zk-Rollup）使用有效性证明来验证Rollup中的状态和交易。 5、ZK证明 (ZKP) 。有效性证明使用ZKP来证明来自L2的所有交易都是有效的。ZKP是一种方法，当证明者避免传达其他信息时，一方可以向另一方证明给定陈述是真实的。 
6、问题 1 (EVM) 。首先，EVM不是为支持ZKP而设计的，这意味着在zkR上实现EVM非常困难。这就是为什么所有声称使用ZKP的项目都是特定于应用程序的（例如dYdX、Sorare 等）。我们需要通用的zkEVM zkR网络。 7、问题2（中心化）。令人惊讶的是，大多数Rollup都是中心化的。他们使用单个运营者。资金仍然是安全的，因为交易是由以太坊验证的。但是，底层是单个运营者可以审查你的交易并进一步提取MEV。 8、这就是Polygon Hermez要解决的问题。Polygon Hermez 2.0使用PoE共识算法来缓解中心化问题，并实现字节码级zkEVM，提供EVM兼容性。 9、Polygon Hermez 1.0是第一个使用Proof of Donation (PoD) 的去中心化Rollup。然而，事实证明它效率低下，这就是Hermez 2.0引入Proof of Efficiency (PoE) 的原因。 10、与Eth 2.0中的PBS系统类似，PoE中有两个角色。'Sequencers' 将用户的交易聚合打包处理，并将其发布到以太坊。“聚合者”验证定序器打包提交的交易，并生成其有效性证明。 
11、由于定序器需要支付链上gas费+MATIC费，因此可以防止垃圾邮件攻击。他们从用户那里赚取MATIC费用。生成有效性证明的最快聚合器将从定序器中获得MATIC费用，这使整个过程变得高效。 12、zkEVM有3种类型，与Starkware使用语言级别的zkEVM 不同，Polygon Hermez 2.0实现了字节码级别的zkEVM。 
来源：金色财经 |
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