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美国民众热衷彩票 官员寄望储蓄彩票救市
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近日，美国许多业内人士对总统奥巴马2月15日向国会提交3.7万亿美元的预算计划颇具微词。随后，白宫管理和预算办公室主任彼得·奥扎格在为英国《金融时报》撰写的评论文章中提出，储蓄彩票可能给美国的减赤问题带来新的思路。0 t% f6 ]$ y- ]
奥扎格在撰文中指出，随着全球经济逐渐从低迷的境况中走出，全球重新平衡意味着美国和欧洲必须在未来增加储蓄。就像英国的“溢价债券”，以高于面值发售债券，在债券的票面利率高于金融市场的通行利率即市场利率时，期待其溢价，也就是付息频率的加快，债权的价值上升。同理，储蓄彩票可以为储蓄问题提供类似的解决办法。( F7 l: b' O6 U+ i d
美国民众对彩票的热衷程度在与日俱增。特别是低收入家庭，按照收入的百分比计算，他们将更多的钱用作购买彩票。, Q5 X5 B) i& b- g& h( f
奥扎格直言，彩票的诱惑力主要在于给予人们一个巨额财富增长的机会，但是在中奖之前并不能给人们带来幸福感。近期美国全国经济研究局的报告详述了具有获奖机会的储蓄制度。这种“与奖励相连”账户的方式是，通过一种新颖的方式提供预期之内的市场回报。
9 ?- Z! L$ s) n9 Z$ y, K a 据了解，英国在历史上率先发起过类似的储蓄彩票账户，这就是出现在1694年的“百万冒险”。以每张10英镑的价格，银行总计发行了10万张彩票，贫困家庭可以合伙购买彩票。彩票持有者在15年内获得6%的年回报率，同时还有机会赢得10至1000英镑的奖励。随后，运用相似理论的还有英国的以奖金代息储蓄债券，它提供赢得奖金的机会，却没有基准利率。此外，从巴西到德国、墨西哥及新西兰，有着各种与奖励挂钩的储蓄选择。 |
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