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介绍2020 年,戴安等人发布了一份论文,通过将焦点放在一个明显的区块链网络安全性和稳定性问题上,震撼了加密货币世界:矿工可提取价值(MEV)。简而言之:特权参与者有能力从其他人的交易中获利。是不是听起来不公平? 虽然很多团队正在制定解决方案以解决 MEV 问题,但 MEV 仍然是一个迷人的概念。你看的地方越多,你看到的类似问题就越多。特权参与者能够利用从政治到高速公路交通再到音乐会门票销售等领域存在瓶颈。 幸运的是,我们可以做点什么。 在这篇文章中,我将研究跨域的价值提取,以便了解它们各自的解决方案。但在我们深入现实世界之前,让我们先建立一个价值提取模型。 究竟什么是价值提取?价值提取被松散地用来表示获取不公平的利润。它发生在多个代理试图通过瓶颈推动交易的情况下。你问什么是公平的?好吧,您可能会想到以下(非详尽的)原则列表: 公平排序原则 1:基于时间我们的第一个排序原则是最古老和最直观的。乍一看,基于时间的获取显然是民主的:如果您希望提交您的交易,请尝试在其他人之前到达那里。它适用于许多情况,但请注意,在某些情况下,当瓶颈具有多个入口点时,不可能根据时间完美定义顺序: 为了使用一个简单的示例来强调这一点,请考虑三个节点 A、B 和 C,每个节点接收 3 笔交易 x、y 和 z。A 以 [x, y, z] 的顺序接收它们,B 以 [y, z, x] 的顺序接收它们,C 以 [z, x, y] 的顺序接收它们。请注意,大多数节点都收到了 (x before y)、(y before z) 和 (z before x)!这种情况,通常称为康多塞悖论,即使所有局部排序都是可传递的,也可能导致非传递全局排序。- 来源 公平排序原则 2:基于拍卖任何资本家都会很快告诉你,在市场上有效地分配资源是通过拍卖来实现的。 几个世纪以来,拍卖一直被用来让出价最高的人获得瓶颈。如果可以从交易中提取 $X,则任何用户都应该愿意出价高达 $X 以提取价值。在理想情况下,这将导致最大价值从代理商转移到瓶颈运营商,并可能通过再分配和补贴返回代理商。 但是,您可以争辩说,这不是设计税收制度的方法。仅在拍卖中运行系统是危险的。拍卖只有在每个代理人都拥有平等权力的完美经济幻想中才是民主的。然而,由于拍卖金额必须预先出价,并且收益可能不确定,因此昂贵、困难和耗时的交易群更容易受到富裕代理人的影响。 公平排序原则 3:基于身份如上所述,财富仍然是个人能力的间接衡量标准。我们也可以直奔主题,根据人的身份或个人特征进行订单交易。最简单的例子是给每个人一个固定的每个时期交易的最大预算。 当然,这里的衡量非常困难,尤其是在私人数字环境中。浪费将以代理人试图博弈识别程序的形式出现。关于身份或群体究竟是什么,也可能存在无休止的哲学辩论 |
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