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尔登•埃德森(Sheldon Adelson)是美国最富有的人之一。当像他这样的人都不得不从家族资产中拿出4.75亿美元，来帮助自己的博彩帝国度过难关时，那么这个行业就该感到忧虑了。
3 p: {' W _( M! F 作为拉斯维加斯金沙集团(Las Vegas Sands)的大股东，埃德森上周採取了上述举措，目的是防止违反银行合约的情况发生。该集团旗下的资产包括拉斯维加斯大道上的威尼斯人(Venetian)和Palazzo。6 n5 T( \* m! z0 V) M
新娱乐城项目已经让埃德森捉襟见肘──澳门的新度假村投入了120亿美元，新加坡的项目投资40亿美元。“如果市场上的流通资金更加充沛，我们就会从外部贷款，”他解释道。1 H8 m* R4 h9 ^1 `& |% \
但是，可用信贷的匮乏只是他的问题之一。一直以来，迷恋拉斯维加斯的赌徒们总是前往这个Dubo圣地以忘却烦恼。但消费者开支的缩减，加之信贷市场危机，意味着这座城市如今也有了一些自己的重大烦恼。2 v; J) U% o9 e- Q
由于现金匮乏的赌客们手头拮据，拉斯维加斯大道上娱乐城的博彩收入直线下降：作为拉斯维加斯最大的娱乐城运营商，美高梅(MGM Mirage) 拥有Bellagio和Mirage等娱乐城，其最新季度数字显示，赌桌游戏收入下降了10%，而老虎机收入下降11%。1 V h4 ^/ {5 z& i# |
今年已有4家娱乐城运营商寻求破产保护，其中Tropicana Entertainment拖欠银行26.7亿美元的债务。其它运营商都推迟了大型项目的开发。Boyd Gaming搁置了拉斯维加斯大道上48亿美元的Echelon计划，同时努力获取新的融资来源。: Y8 a- U, b0 W9 Q2 P6 E3 {5 O
投资50亿美元的Plaza Hotel也将延期建设至少一年。开发商Elad和以色列公司IDB已推迟偿付用于购买拉斯维加斯建设用地的6.25亿美元贷款。Elad拥有纽约的Plaza Hotel。
0 s7 B% D8 Y! b" ^ Z m, J. e% e 运营商们面临的问题，使得拉斯维加斯对经济衰退免疫的形象减色。对于以往几次经济低迷，这座城市都没有明显感受到，而眼下这场衰退的影响却显然可见。
+ B! O% x- [$ N2 x 然而，即便这场衰退结束，还有一些长期的忧虑。驻英国的博彩业顾问沃里克•巴特利特(Warwick Bartlet)表示，建立在土地基础上的娱乐城，已成为“一个越来越大的能源问题”。
& ], g6 L! a0 b5 K 前往拉斯维加斯的游客有半数乘坐飞机。其余开车或乘坐长途汽车。到2015年，平均每天需要80万千瓦的电力才能保証拉斯韦加斯市的能源供应，这远远超出了胡佛水坝(Hoover Dam)的供电能力。
* H- l6 G: ?9 U7 R0 X. Q 巴特利特表示：“美国经济放缓将影响到美国人的财富，而拉斯维加斯将感受到这种影响，此外还有高额的能源消耗和依赖公路和空中运输的交通系统的影响。”1 L* m% Y0 \4 A$ s
就业市场同样感受到了冲击。美高梅和拥有Caesars Palace的哈拉娱乐公司(Harrah's Entertainment)今年都进行了裁员，同样裁员的还有拉斯维加斯房屋与安全局(Las Vegas Department of Building and Safety)。
P! e" F L4 S7 \! Q8 U2 G 接待能力问题加剧了经济衰退的影响。容易获得的廉价信贷推动了积极扩张，使得该市目前拥有的饭店房间数量超过了历史上的任何时期。& k4 l( H, _* j% y! \
如果赌客继续纷至沓来，拉斯维加斯还能够承受得起扩张。但经济问题意味着游客减少，同时非常重要的传统商业发展也出现减速。, t# ?0 P. j6 s; U" i3 T3 E2 o
这一切都有助于在线博彩业的发展，儘管这在美国受到禁止。“人们开始将汽车停在车库里，自己舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上，玩在线宾果游戏，或是通过电视观看比赛并下注，”巴特利特表示。
4 P) f2 m; u9 N" t o7 ]- z 译者/管婧 * Z7 t2 ?0 i+ H' x* ?4 Z2 N c! |
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